贫困农户的风险分担网络及其有效性研究——基于中国农村家庭数据的实证

Research on the Risk Sharing Network of the Poor Farmer and Its Effectiveness——An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Rural Household Data

【目的】利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2013年和2015年的农户数据,实证考察贫困农户的风险分担网络及其效果。【方法】把农户分担网络归纳为家庭、村庄、市场和社会层面4个纬度,建立风险分担模型和影响机制模型,检验贫困农户不同维度风险应对机制的实际效果和可能的作用路径。【结果】①贫困与非贫困农户的风险分担网络存在系统性差异;②贫困农户无法依赖自身力量、村庄社会网络和市场机制分担风险,社会救助是其应对风险冲击的最后一道屏障。非贫困农户能够利用多个纬度的风险应对机制,具有更强的抗风险能力。③贫困农户缺乏社会资本投资能力是其非正规风险分担能力不足的重要原因。【结论】构建农村"社会安全网"对贫困农户意义重大,应作为精准扶贫和精准脱贫战略的重要抓手。

【Objective】Based on China Household Finance Survey data in 2013 and 2015,this paper aim to empirically explore the risk sharing network of the poor farmer and its effect.【Method】Risk Sharing Network of the poor family is divided into four levels including household-level,village-level,market-level and society-level.We constructed risk sharing model and influence mechanism model to test actual impact of different risk coping mechanisms and explored the influence channel.【Result】①There was systematic difference between the risk sharing networks of poor farmers and non-poor farmers;②The poor farmers cannot depend on the strength of their own family、village social network or market mechanism to cope with risk.The social assistance system is the last protective strength for the poor.Non-poor farmers can utilize multiple mechanisms to deal with risk and thus,have more antirisk capability;③One of the reasons that the ability of informal risk sharing for the poor is not sufficient is because they lack the ability of social capital investment.【Conclusion】Building society safety network is of great significance for the poor and poverty alleviation.