2016—2018年院内感染病例调查分析

Analysis of nosocomial infection cases from 2016 to 2018

目的调查本医院院内感染的情况,探究影响院内感染发生的因素,为预防和控制院内感染提供依据。方法回顾性调查2016年1月1日—2018年12月30日期间本医院29个主要科室的全年出院病例,对发生院内感染的病例进行统计分析,描述感染病例在发生时间、患者年龄、感染部位等方面的分布。结果2016年度的院内感染率为0.63%,2017年度为0.58%,2018年度为0.54%,3年的院内感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2016—2018年,以重症监护科感染率最高,分别为:2016年6.95%、2017年6.48%、2018年11.67%;夏、冬季是院内感染的高发季节;院内感染以呼吸系统感染为主;病原菌检测显示以革兰阴性菌为主。结论本院院内感染率在国内处于较低水平,院内感染的发生集中在夏、冬两季;高龄、基础疾病严重是发生院内感染的危险因素。因此应加强对重症监护科等科室的管理以及对住院患者呼吸道感染的预防,进一步降低院内感染的发生率,提高治愈率。

Objective To investigate the nosocomial infection in our hospital,explore the influencing factors for nosocomial infection,and provide reference for prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Methods A retrospective investigation was performed among the annual discharge cases in 29 major departments of our hospital from Jan.1,2016 to Dec.30,2018,and nosocomial infection cases were statistically analyzed.The distributions of infected cases such as onset time,age and infection site were described.Results The incidence of nosocomial infection was 0.63%in 2016,0.58%in 2017,0.54%in 2018.There was no significant difference(P>0.05).The highest infection rate was observed in intensive care unit,which was 6.95%in 2016,6.48%in 2017,and 11.67%in 2018.The nosocomial infection was prevalent in summer and winter.The proportion of nosocomial infection in the respiratory system was the highest.The detection of pathogens showed that Gram-negative bacteria were dominant.Conclusions The incidence of nosocomial infection in our hospital is relatively lower in China.The incidence peaks in summer and winter.Advanced age and severe underlying disease are risk factors of nosocomial infection.Therefore,the management of departments such as intensive care unit and the prevention of respiratory infections in hospitalized patients should be strengthened to further reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections and improve the cure rate.