盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统氮磷的变化特征

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus change in saline aquaculture pond with ecological engineering farming system

以盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统为研究对象,利用系统中排水渠和蓄水池分别收集浸选盐碱水和渗透盐碱水,监测系统中盐碱水、土壤中的氮、磷营养盐并进行综合分析。结果表明:通过渗透、浸洗两种方式对土壤进行洗盐脱碱,抬田土壤总氮、总磷明显下降,盐碱水中总氮、总磷明显上升,通过土壤浸洗方式对土壤中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、正磷酸盐洗脱作用较弱,但通过土壤渗透方式对土壤中氨氮洗脱作用较强,蓄水池作为土壤渗透后的盐碱水收集池,水体中氨氮较高,可以作为养殖补充用水;在盐碱池塘生态工程化种养系统中养殖水体总氮<4 mg/L,总磷<1.3 mg/L,符合养殖需求。

With the saline aquaculture pond with ecological engineering farming system as the research object, the drainage channels and reservoirs in the system were used to collect the leaching and infiltrating saline and alkaline water respectively to monitor the saline and alkaline water, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil in the system and to conduct comprehensive analysis. The results show that the total nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and in saline and alkaline water respectively decreased and increased significantly through salt leaching and dealkalization of the soil by infiltrating and leaching. The effect of soil leaching on the elution of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate was weak, but the effect of soil infiltration on elution of ammonia nitrogen was strong. The water in the reservoir used as saline and alkaline water collection tank after soil infiltration has high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and can be used as supplementary water for aquaculture;the total nitrogen and total phosphorus in aquaculture water of saline aquaculture pond with ecological engineering farming system are < 4 mg/L and < 1.3 mg/L respectively, meeting the requirements of aquaculture.