我国初中生物学课程目标70年历史回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of the History of Biology Curriculum Objectives in Middle High School in China over the Past 70 Years

梳理初中生物学课程目标70年演进历程,发现初中生物学课程目标的设立经历了从社会本位到人本主义再到重视生态伦理价值取向的变革。从生物学学科核心素养四个维度进一步分析发现:正确的世界观始终是课程目标的基本要求,而其他如“生命观念”随社会进步和生命科学的发展逐渐增加;“学会学习”逐步受到重视,课程目标逐渐明确培养学生“科学思维”方面的要求;“科学探究”用十多年时间跻身初中生物学课程目标行列;受经济、政治、社会、文化等因素的影响,“社会责任”素养体现了国家意志。未来义务教育生物学课程标准修订应增加生命系统性内容,培养系统思维,提高对探究能力的要求,强调思考生命价值,认同生命意义。

The article combs the evolving process of biology curriculum objectives in junior middle school over the past 70 years in china. The establishment of value orientation of biology curriculum objectives in junior middle school has been changing from social standard to humanism, fromits great importance to ecological ethics. The paper analyzes the evolutionary characteristics from four dimensions of biology core literacy. As a result, there are some findings as follows, such as correct world outlook of the basic requirement of the curriculum objectives, and gradual life concept increase along with the social progress and the development of life sciences. Learning how to learn has been of great importance, and the curriculum objectives have been clarifying the requirements of the cultivation of students scientific thinking gradually. Scientific exploration has become one of biology curriculum objectives in junior middle school for more than ten years. Due to economic, political, social, cultural and other reasons, social responsibility embodies a national will. In future, revising the biology curriculum standard of compulsory education should be paid attention to the content of life system, the training about system thinking, the improvement of creative ability, the thinking ability about life values and life meaning.