中国农作物秸秆资源时空分布及其产率变化分析

Analysis of spatiotemporal and density changes of crop straws resources in China

文章利用农作物产量、考虑区域差异的草谷比因子及地理信息系统,分析了我国2000-2015年的农作物秸秆资源总量及其分布特点和不同区域耕地的秸秆产率变化情况及生产潜力。研究结果表明:2000-2015年,我国的可收集农作物秸秆资源量从3.30亿t增至4.47亿t,且秸秆资源的增长速度有逐渐加快的趋势;秸秆资源分布具有区域差异性,2015年,河南、黑龙江及山东等省份的秸秆资源最为丰富,同时,河南、山东及新疆等省份的耕地秸秆产率较高,在这些地区发展农业生物质产业具有原料丰富、收集和运输成本较低等优势;2000-2015年,东北、华中和西北地区的秸秆资源量增长趋势明显,且东北、华北及西北地区的耕地秸秆产率增长超过60%,这些地区具有发展大型农业生物质利用产业的潜力。

In this study, a hybrid framework which combines crop yield, the area-specific straw to grain ratios considering regional differences, and Geographic information system(GIS) was constructed to evaluate the total amount of crop straws and characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution in China from 2000 to 2015 and analyze the density changes of straws in cropland and productive potential of crop straws in different regions. The results show that the available crop straws increased from 330 million to 447 million tons with an accelerating tendency. The total proportion of crop straws from rice, wheat and corn was about 75%. There was uneven distribution of crop straws resource in China. The crop straws resources mainly concentrated in Henan, Heilongjiang and Shandong in 2015. And Henan, Shandong and Xinjiang showed the higher density of crop straws. The advantages of abundant crop straws resources and low cost of collection and transportation can support the development of agricultural biomass industry in these regions. There was significant growth of crop straws in Northeast China, Central China and Northwest China from 2000 to 2015. Meanwhile, the growth of crop straws density was over 60% in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China indicating that there is a great potential to develop large-scale agricultural biomass industry in these regions.