蝙蝠作为我国人兽共患病病原储存宿主的意义

Significance of bats as a reservoir host of zoonotic diseases in China

蝙蝠是全球分布的第二大类哺乳动物,它可以携带多种病原体,是人兽共患病重要的储存宿主.从目前传染病流行情况看,主要以人传人传染病为主,如艾滋病、结核病等,而蝙蝠引起的传染病多系突发传染病事件.长期以来,蝙蝠扮演了传播人兽共患病的主要角色.本综述以6种病毒性疾病为代表进行蝙蝠传播疾病的分类研究,认为蝙蝠作为传染病的储存宿主其传播途径含直接、间接及密切接触(种间和种内)3种类型,主要与地区性传染病的病种及蝙蝠自身免疫力有关,从而说明蝙蝠作为人兽共患病储存宿主的意义.本综述并特别指出我国要加大靠近南亚的亚热带地区蝙蝠是否携带致命性亨帕病毒和埃博拉病毒等病原的研究,以防不明传染病的突发事件发生.

Bats are the second largest mammal in the world, and it can carry a variety of pathogens, and it is an important reservoir host for zoonoses in the cases of the current epidemic situation of the infectious disease. Although the main infectious diseases in human transmission were AIDS and tuberculosis, etc., bats, harboring some more causative agents, often caused emergency affairs. For a long time, bats have played a major role in spreading zoonotic diseases. In this review, we take 6 kinds of viral diseases as representatives to classify bat-borne diseases. It is considered that there are three routes of transmission for bats as reservoir hosts , including direct transmission, indirect transmission and transmission with close contact (inner and inter species). It is mainly related to the species of regional infectious diseases and the immunity of bats, which explains the significance of bats as reservoir hosts of zoonoses. In particular, it is pointed out that China should increase the studies on bats harboring lethal Henipavirus, Ebola virus and other pathogens in subtropical regions close to South Asia, in order to prevent the occurrence of unexpected incidents of unknown infectious diseases.