吧国公堂对吧城华侨教育发展的贡献

An Analysis of the Contribution of the Gongtang to the Development of Overseas Chinese Education in Batavia

吧国公堂成立于1742年,终结于20世纪50年代。它是吧城(巴达维亚)华侨处理华侨社会内部诸项事务的行政和司法机构。作为一个介于荷兰殖民政府与华侨社会之间的半自治机构,它发挥着多元化的社会功能。在长达200多年的时间里,吧国公堂通过对华侨社会的治理,对华侨教育的发展做出了重要贡献。这些贡献主要体现在对华侨义学和私塾、中华学校和荷华学校及新式教育的发展等方面所起到的推动作用。从20世纪50年代中期开始,苏加诺政府陆续颁布一系列法规,以此来限制华侨教育的发展。1960年前后,印尼政府颁布总统第10号法令,以各种借口限制甚至关闭华文学校,全印尼有72%的华校停办。在这种时代背景下,吧国公堂的历史告一段落,对吧城华侨教育所起的正面作用也告结束。

The Gongtang was founded in 1742 and ended in the 1950s. It is the administrative and judicial body for the Overseas Chinese in Batavia to deal with various internal affairs of their community. As a semi-autonomous institution between the Dutch colonial government and the Chinese society, it plays a pluralistic social function. In more than 200 years of governance over Overseas Chinese society, it has also made important contributions to the development of Overseas Chinese education, which is mainly reflected in its contribution to Overseas Chinese school and private school, Sekolah Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan and the Dutch school, as well as the new type of education. Since the mid-1950s, the Sukarno government has issued a series of laws and regulations to restrict the development of Chinese education. Around 1960, the Indonesian government issued President's decree No.10 to restrict or even close Chinese schools under various excuses. At this point, the contribution of the Gongtang to the development of Overseas Chinese education in Batavia came to nothing.