基于国际宪章的文化遗产保护与利用历史演进研究

Research on the historical evolution of cultural heritage protection and utilization based on international charter

从国际宪章的出台与发展出发,对文化遗产保护的演进历程进行分析。研究显示,早期的保护行动是以法国、英国为代表的区域性保护,之后逐渐扩展至世界范围。法国的文化遗产保护运动是以历史建筑的保护为开端并逐渐展开;英国在工业革命的影响下,保护对象先从古建筑、历史古迹等个体遗产逐渐扩大至对其周围环境、区域环境及多样化的专业型保护。1899年通过的《海牙公约》是奠定了萌芽性质的首个国际遗产保护公约,从而引发了以国际组织为核心的全球化文化遗产保护,突出表现在一系列国际宪章、公约、文件等的出台,不仅在理论上建构了文化遗产的保护理论,而且在技术上明确了文化遗产保护的技术要领。在国际宪章的产生和发展过程中,随着国际组织与机构的实力不断增强,文化遗产保护的观念得以不断进化与整合,保护对象也随之不断扩大与充实。不难发现,世界文化遗产的保护既离不开约定性条款与国际共识的支撑,也离不开技术性制度与规则的支撑,更离不开前瞻性保护与预防的支撑。在此基础上结合我国遗产保护存在的不足,提出本土化文化遗产保护的措施,以期为我国文化遗产保护事业的未来发展提供建设性建议。

Based on the introduction and development of international charter,this paper analyzes the evolution of cultural heritage protection.Studies show that early conservation initiatives were regional in nature,led by France and the United Kingdom,and then spread to the world.The French cultural heritage protection movement starts with the protection of historical buildings and develops gradually.Under the influence of the industrial revolution,the objects of protection in Britain gradually expanded from individual heritages such as ancient buildings and historical monuments to professional protection of their surrounding environment,regional environment and diversity.Through the Hague convention of 1899 laid the sprout of the first international heritage protection convention,which caused the international organizations as the core of the cultural heritage protection of globalization,especially in a series of international charter,convention,file,not only in theory construction of the cultural heritage protection theory,but on technology and the techniques for the protection of cultural heritage.In the process of the emergence and development of international charter,with the increasing strength of international organizations and institutions,the concept of cultural heritage protection has been constantly evolving and integrated.Protection objects are also expanding and enriching.It is not hard to find that the protection of world cultural heritage cannot be separated from the strong support of qualitative terms and international consensus,technical systems and rules,and forward-looking protection and prevention.On this basis,combined with the shortcomings of China's heritage protection,this paper puts forward the measures of local cultural heritage protection,hoping to provide constructive Suggestions for the future development of China's cultural heritage protection.