白话文经典作家老舍作品中的ABB式状态词

ABB Type Descriptive Words in Classic Vernacular Chinese Works of Lao She

以白话文经典作家老舍小说语言中的ABB式状态词为研究内容,穷尽地检索、分析老舍250万字全部中文小说377例次共计136个ABB式状态词,得出如下结论:A成词率高达95.06%;由形容词充当的A,以及构成的ABB式状态词数量,与出现例次,分别占各自总量的66.67%、72.07%与68.44%,说明一般认为ABB式状态词主要由形容词构成的是有很强的语言心理基础的;尽管具有一定的临时创造性,但老舍小说语言仍有很强的典范性,有近50%ABB式状态词为后来的《现代汉语词典》所收录;BB不是词缀,而是词根语素的重叠,其意义是ABB式状态词理性意义的构成部分,其中有32.56%可以成词;A与B所表示的意义属于同一语义域,两者具有互选性;ABB不是形容词的形态变化形式,而是一种词法模式;BB与A之间不是附加关系,而是说明性语义关系;作为一个语言单位被使用的不是ABB,而是“ABB的”;在语义功能上具有描写性和表态性;在句法上主要做谓语、定语、状语,也可以做补语、宾语,不能做主语。

The paper analyzes ABB type descriptive words in classic vernacular Chinese works of Lao She. By searching and analyzing 136 ABB type descriptive words showing 377 cases in all of Lao She’s Chinese fictions which summing 2.5 million characters, we come to the conclusions. First, It is reaching up 95.06% that A as word morpheme. As well as the characteristic or property of A of 66.67% is adjective, and adjectival A makes 72.07% of ABB type descriptive words, which occurrence rate in all descriptive words are 68.44%. It is illustrating that there is strong psychological basis of adjectives form ABB type descriptive words. Second, the use of language of Lao She’s fiction is classics, by almost 50% ABB type descriptive words are recording in Modern Chinese Dictionary, though partly created temporarily. Meanwhile, the lexicalization rate of BB is 32.56%, which are not affix, but reduplication of etyma. The meaning of BB constitute conceptual meaning of ABB type descriptive words. A and B are coopted, owning to the meaning of them are belong to same semantic scope. Third, ABB are not inflection of adjectives, but morphology. There are not affixation between BB and A, but illustrative semantic relationship. Not“ABB”but “ABB de(的)”as linguistic unit, whose semantic function is descriptive and attitudinal. Grammatically, it can be used as predicate, attribute, adverbial modifier, complement, object, but not bu subject.