明治时期日本水产教育体系的建立及其特点

Establishment of Fisheries Education System and Its Characteristics in Meiji Era of Japan

近代日本体系化的水产教育开端于明治时期。明治政府推动农业的近代化,主要依靠实施“劝农政策”,贯彻“明治农法”,发展农业教育这三大政策手段。作为农业教育的一部分,水产教育亦得到明治政府的高度关注。自明治初期,在文部省和农商务省的主导下,水产教育完成了雏形框架到体系模式的奠基塑型。进入明治中期以后,随着日本海洋渔业权益的膨胀,日本为发展扩张性远洋渔业,水产教育从培养沿岸和近海渔业人才,转而培养远洋渔业发展需要的专业人才,人才培养目标发生较大转变。准确把握近代日本水产教育体系的形成过程,探讨水产教育体系的结构性特征,深度挖掘远洋渔业人才培养的政策意图,有助于从人才供给层面,深刻理解近代日本进行渔业资源抢夺的内在因素。

Organized fisheries education began in the Meiji period in modern Japan. Relying on three major policy instruments such as Agricultural Policy, Meiji Agricultural Law, and agricultural education, the modernization of agriculture had been promoted. As part of agricultural education, fisheries education was highly concerned by Meiji government. Since early Meiji era, under the leadership of the Ministry Education, fisheries education completed successfully. After Mid Meiji era, with the expansion of Fishery rights and interests, fisheries education aimed to the professionals needed for the pelagic fisheries. Talents training objectives have changed. This Accurately grasped the formation process of modern fisheries education system, explored the structural characteristics of the fisheries educational system. Excavating the policy intention of training talents in pelagic fisheries, helping understand the background and internal factors of expansion of marine fisheries in Meiji era.