民间信仰中的国家意识与乡土观念——以徽州“汪华信仰”为例

National Consciousness and Local Idea in Folk Beliefs:A Case Study of Huizhou “Wanghua Faith”

中国民间信仰的神祗很多,而某一位神祗的象征意义在不同的区域和不同的社会阶层中又有着复杂的理解。在古徽州,普遍存在“汪公崇拜”的现象,审视官僚、地方精英、乡民对于“汪华信仰”的不同态度,解读他们围绕“汪华信仰”进行的一系列文本构建与仪式性活动,反思民间信仰所表现出来的王朝教化与地方社会秩序之间的契合,对当下乡村治理中建构国家与社会之间的平衡机制具有一定的启示意义。

There are many gods in Chinese folk beliefs, and the symbolic meaning of a certain god has a complex understanding in different regions and different social classes. In ancient Huizhou, there is a widespread phenomenon of“Wanggong worship”, examining the different attitudes of bureaucrats, local elites, and villagers towards“Wanghua’s Faith”, and interpreting their series of textual construction and ceremonial activities around“Wanghua’s Faith”. It is conducive to understanding the relationship between local spiritual worship and the real orthodox authority, reflecting on the relationship between the cult of the ruling and the local social order and it has certain enlightenment significance for the construction of the balance mechanism between the state and society in the current rural governance.