信息-动机-行为技巧模型在早产儿照顾者健康教育中的应用

Application of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model in Health Education for Primary Caregivers in Premature Infants

目的探讨信息-动机-行为技巧模型( Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model,IMB 模型)在早产儿主要照顾者健康教育中的应用效果。方法选取 2017年5月—2018年8月某院新生儿科收治的 100 例早产儿及其 200 例主要照顾者,按 IMB 模型实施前后分为对照组和干预组,对照组按常规进行护理,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于 IMB 模型的护理干预。对比干预前后两组早产儿主要照顾者的早产儿出院家庭准备度、一般自我效能感、焦虑及抑郁状况。结果干预前两组早产儿主要照顾者的早产儿出院家庭准备度、一般自我效能感、焦虑及抑郁状况差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);干预后干预组早产儿主要照顾者的早产儿出院家庭准备度和一般自我效能感均高于对照组( P<0.05),焦虑及抑郁得分低于对照组( P<0.05)。结论基于信息-动机-行为技巧模型的护理干预可以提高早产儿主要照顾者的早产儿出院家庭准备度和一般自我效能感,降低其焦虑和抑郁水平,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To explore the application effect of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model ( IMB model) in the health education for primary caregivers in premature infants. Methods A total of 100 prema- ture infants and 200 primary caregivers admitted to the Department of Neonatology from May 2017 to August 2018 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group before and after the implementation of the IMB model. The control group received routine care,and the observation group received nursing intervention based on IMB model on the basis of the control group. The discharge family readiness of premature infants and the general self-efficacy,anxiety and depression condition of the primary caregivers of preterm infants were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in the discharge family readiness of premature infants,general self-efficacy,anxiety and depression con- dition of the primary caregivers of preterm infants between the two groups( P>0.05). After the intervention,the dis- charge family readiness of premature infants and general self-efficacy of the primary caregivers of preterm infants in the observation group were higher than those in the control group( P<0.05),while the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale( SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale( SDS) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group( P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention based on IMB model can help to improve the discharge family readiness of premature infants and general self-efficacy of the primary caregivers of preterm infants and to reduce the caregivers' anxiety and depression levels,which is worthy of clinical application.