北京市丰台区2013年-2017年麻疹疑似病例血清学分析

Analysis of serological results of suspected measles cases in Fengtai District of Beijing during 2013-2017

目的分析北京市丰台区2013年-2017年麻疹疑似病例IgM抗体检测情况,为进一步加强麻疹监测提供理论依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)捕捉法对麻疹疑似病例血清标本进行IgM抗体检测。结果共检测麻疹IgM抗体312例,麻疹IgM抗体阳性112例,阳性率为35.90%;麻疹发病以20岁~40岁的青壮年人群为主,<15岁人群,15岁~50岁人群及> 50岁人群分布差异有统计学意义(χ^2=11.056,P <0.05)。麻疹发病主要集中在3月-4月,有明显的季节性;男女发病率无差异;出疹后采集的天数对血液的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。暴发疫情的发病率与散发疫情的发病率差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。采集血清学检验的暴发疫情主要发生在2月-7月,均为15岁以上的病例。结论应加强对20岁~40岁人群的免疫监测。在麻疹疑似血清的采集中要注意麻疹血清采集的时间,考虑在出疹后5 d采血,有助于提高阳性率,并注意在暴发疫情中对血清样品的采集。

Objective To analyze the epidemic feature of measles in Fengtai District of Beijing during 2013-2017, so as to provide scientific basis for disease control and prevention. Methods All the suspected cases were tested for measles specific IgM antibody by ELISA during 2013-2017. The data were analyzed by SPSS17. 0. Results A total of 312 cases of measles IgM antibody were detected, 112 cases were positive, and the positive rate was 35. 90%;measles incidence was mainly in young people aged 20 to 40 years old, and the distribution difference in people < 15 years old, aged 15 to 50 years old and > 50 years old was statistically significant (X^2=11.056, P <0.05). The incidence of measles was mainly concentrated in March-April, with obvious seasonality;there was no difference in the incidence rate between men and women;the number of days collected after rash had a significant difference in the positive rate of blood. There was no statistical significance on the difference between the incidence of outbreaks. The outbreaks of serological tests were mainly from February to July, all of which were over 15 years old. Conclusion It is necessary to intensify the monitoring of the population aged between 20 . 40. The collection time of serum should be paied attention to in suspected cases of measles. Blood collection at 5 d after rash can help to increase the positive rate, and it is necessary to pay attention to the collection of serum samples in outbreaks.