黑龙江省三、四积温带玉米新品种抗倒伏性比较研究

Comparative Study on Lodging Resistance of New Maize Varieties in Three and Four Accumulated Temperature Zones of Heilongjiang Province

[目的]将适合于黑龙江省东部湿润区第三、四积温带种植的36个玉米品种进行高密植抗倒伏性评价。[方法]试验对玉米的农艺性状、茎秆力学指标和产量进行聚类分析,并验证评价玉米抗倒性强弱的各项重要指标。[结果]通过系统聚类统计方法将品种分为3大类,其中21份品种为高度抗倒性(Ⅰ)、10份品种为中度抗倒性(Ⅱ)、5份品种为低度抗倒性(Ⅲ)。穿刺强度、折断力、单位茎长干物质和茎节直径与茎秆抗倒伏指数呈极显著正相关,分别为0.597^**、0.948^**、0.677^**和0.419^**,可作为评价品种抗倒伏能力的重要指标。[结论]Ⅱ级品种抗倒伏性在增密后变化幅度较小,产量较高,因此可考虑在高密度下种植。本研究结果为黑龙江省主栽区选育新品种提供量化参考依据。

[Objective]The present paper is about analysis of high density resistance of 36 maize varieties suitable for the third and fourth accumulated temperature zones in the eastern humid region of Heilongjiang province.[Method]The agronomic characters,stem mechanical indexes and yield of maize were analyzed by cluster.It also further confirms the important indexes of lodging resistance of maize.[Result]The results showed that the varieties were classified into three groups by systematic cluster statistics,among which 21 cultivars were highly inverted(Ⅰ),10 were moderately resistant(Ⅱ)and 5 were low resistant(Ⅲ).Rind penetration strength,break strength,dry matter weight per stem length and stem node diameter were significantly positively correlated with stem lodging resistance index(0.597 **,0.948**,0.677** and 0.419**,respectively),which could be used as important indicators for evaluating lodging resistance of varieties.[Conclusion]The lodging resistance of Class II varieties is less variable after densification and the yield is higher,so it can be considered to be planted at high density.The results provide quantitative reference for breeding new varieties in main planting area of Heilongjiang province.