贵州野生白及生长土壤的化学特性及微量元素特征分析

Chemical Properties and Microelement Characteristics of Soil for Growth of Wild Bletilla striata in Guizhou

[目的]为了解野生白及生长的土壤化学特性及有效态微量元素特征,明确白及栽培的适生土壤环境,为白及人工栽培的土壤环境选择提供参考。[方法]以贵州野生白及生长土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对贵州野生白及生长土壤的微量元素有效态与化学特性进行调查,分析白及生长土壤的化学特性及有效态微量元素丰缺水平,并探讨影响土壤有效微量元素含量的制约因素。[结果]野生白及生长的土壤pH为7.65~7.99,有机质为26.86~280.58 g/kg,全氮为1.55~14.44g/kg,全磷为0.47~0.99 g/kg,全钾为1.89~19.52 g/kg;碱解氮为99~641 mg/kg,有效磷为2.40~18.75 mg/kg,速效钾为70~122 mg/kg;有效铜为0.45~1.70 mg/kg,有效锌为0.83~14.66 mg/kg,有效铁为11.80~119.85 mg/kg,有效锰为24.88~52.55mg/kg。[结论]适宜白及生长的土壤环境为弱碱性,有机质、全氮及全磷含量较高,土壤碱解氮、有效磷与速效钾含量较高;土壤有机质及氮磷钾含量对土壤微量元素铜和锰含量的影响不明显,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮及有效磷与土壤微量元素锌及铁含量呈极显著正相关;白及人工种植过程中,选择有机质、全氮、碱解氮及有效磷丰富的土壤,可提高土壤有效锌和有效铁含量,更有利于白及的生长及品质的形成。

[Objective]The present paper aimed to understand chemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for growth of wild Bletilla striaes,explicit suitable soil environment of Bletilla.striaes cultivation and provide a reference for soil environment selection of Bletilla.striaes artificial cultivation.[Method]The microelement effective state and chemical properties of soil for growth of wild Bletilla.striata were investigated by field survey and the sufficient and lack level was analyzed by indoor analysis to discuss restriction factors affecting soil available microelement content.[Result]The pH and content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,rapid available potassium,available Cu,available Zn,available Fe and available Mn in soil of Bletilla.striata cultivation are 7.65-7.99,26.86-280.58 g/kg,1.55-14.44 g/kg,0.47-0.99 g/kg,1.89-19.52 g/kg,99-641 mg/kg,2.40-18.75 mg/kg,70-122 mg/kg,0.45-1.70 mg/kg,0.83-14.66 mg/kg,11.80-119.85 mg/kg and 24.88-52.55 mg/kg respectively.[Conclusion]The suitable soil environment for Bletilla.striats growth is alkalescence and needs higher content of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapid available potassium.The soil organic matter,N,P and K content has no obvious effect on Cu and Mn content in soil.The content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil is positively related to Zn and Fe content very significantly.Selecting the soil with higher content of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus can improve available Zn and Fe content in soil during Bletilla.striata artificial cultivation process,which is beneficial to growth and quality of Bletilla striata.