伊恩·麦克尤恩小说《黑犬》中的欧洲危机和复调叙事

The Crisis of Belief in Europe and the Polyphonic Narrative in Black Dogs

众所周知,叙事文学的叙事声音可以是独白式,也可以是多个声部的复调式。英国当代最著名和最具影响力的作家伊恩·麦克尤恩在小说《黑犬》中采用的是复调叙事,用叙述者杰里米的声音与故事主人公的声音构成对立,既表现了自己内心的矛盾和困惑,也真实地展现出欧洲在第二次世界大战之后出现的文化危机。《黑犬》的诗学追求是呈现对立与多元,而不是像传统小说那样在作者的统一意志下展开情节或灌输给读者僵化统一的作者意志。同时,《黑犬》的结局具有开放性和未完成性的特征,把最终的解释权交给了读者。

As is known, the voice of narration can be either monologue or polyphony.Ian McEwan, one of the most famous and influential contemporary British writers, used polyphonic narrative in his novel "black dogs": the narrator Jeremy's voice contradicted the hero's voice, which revealed the inner contradictions and puzzles and also the belief crisis of Europe after the Second World War. The poetic pursuit of this novel was to present the opposition and pluralism rather than to unfold the plot at the author's unified will or to give the readers a rigid and unified will of the author. At the same time, the open and unfinished ending in the novel kept the ultimate interpretation to the readers.