“NP_抽+上”结构式中方位成分的虚化及附缀化特征分析

The Grammaticalization and Cliticization of Localizers in the Structure of "NPabs+ Shang(上)"

方位词主要表示方向和位置,但是随着语言的发展及方位词的高频使用,笔者在阅读文献的过程中发现了抽象名词与单音节方位词“上”组成的结构式,例如“理论上”“事实上”“语法上”等,方位词在其中表现出独特的语音、句法、语义特征,这些用法与以往常见的方位词有显著的不同。笔者运用附缀、附缀化的理论对结构式中的方位词进行重新认定,确定方位词“上”在结构式中的附缀身份;用组块、隐喻、空间关系、意象图式的理论对结构式进行考察和解释;同时从历时的角度进行分析,勾勒出结构式中的“上”所处的演化过程,解释其虚化的原因。

Localizers mainly indicate orientation and position. With the development of language and high frequency use of localizers, this author found that the structures consisting of an abstract noun and a monosyllable localizer, such as "li lun shang (理论上), shi shi shang (事实上), yu fa shang (语法上)" and others express special phonetic, syntax and semantic features of the monosyllable localizer, obviously different from the common usage of localizers. This paper redefined the localizer in the structure by applying the clitic and cliticization theories, investigated and explained this language phenomenon by applying cognitive linguistic theories, such as chunks, metaphor, space relation and image schema, and outlined the evolutionary stages of "shang" in these structures diachronically.