孤独症谱系障碍儿童父母的心理防御机制分析

Analysis of Psychological Defense Mechanism of Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

目的探讨孤独症儿童父母的心理防御机制特点。方法采用心理防御方式问卷(DSQ)对30例孤独症儿童的父母进行测试,并与30例普通儿童的父母对照。结果研究组父母更多使用不成熟型防御机制,其次是成熟型及中间型;而对照组则优先运用成熟防御机制,中间型及不成熟型次之。研究组父母的不成熟型防御机制和中间型防御机制的因子分高于对照组(P<0.001);研究组父母的成熟型防御机制因子分及掩饰因子分均高于对照组(P<0.001),差异有统计学意义;研究组投射、被动攻击、潜意显现、抱怨、幻想、升华、压抑、制止、回避、假性利他、伴无能之全能、隔离、同一化、交往倾向、消耗倾向、期望防御机制的得分均高于对照组(P<0.01),结果有统计学意义;研究组分裂、退缩、躯体化、理想化机制得分高于对照组(P<0.05),结果有统计学意义;两组的幽默、反作用形成、解除、否认机制得分差异无统计学意义。结论在面对外部刺激时孤独症儿童的父母多使用非成熟型防御机制来应对,建议加强该群体的心理辅导,引导其向成熟型心理防御演化,最终使孤独症儿童及其家庭获益。

Objective To explore the characteristics of the psychological defense mechanism of parents of children with autism.Methods Thirty Parents of children with autism were tested using the defense style questionnaire(DSQ)and compared with parents of thirty normal children.Results Parents of the study group used more immature defense mechanisms,followed by mature defense mechanisms and intermediate defense mechanisms.The control group preferred the use of mature defense mechanisms,then intermediate defense mechanisms and immature defense mechanisms.The factors of immature defense mechanism and intermediate defense mechanism of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.001).The maternal defense factor scores and masking factors of the study group parents were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.001),and the difference was statistically significant.The research team’s projections,passive attacks,latent manifestations,complaints,fantasies,sublimation,suppression,suppression,avoidance,false altruism,all-powerfulness,isolation,homology,communication tendency,consumption tendency,and expected defense mechanism are all obvious.The results were statistically significant compared with the control group(P<0.01).The scores of division,retraction,somatization and idealization of the study group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The results were statistically significant.There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of reaction formation,release,and denial.Conclusion Facing the external stimuli,parents of autistic children use immature defense mechanisms to cope with it.It is recommended to strengthen the psychological defense counseling of this group,guide them to evolve into mature psychological defenses,and ultimately benefit autistic children and their families.