改革开放以来我国伦理道德发展的职业共识与差异——基于三次全国大调查的追踪研究

A Study of the Moral and Ethical Consensus and Differences among Professional Groups since the Opening up and Reform

通过三轮全国调查,可以发现,当前我国诸职业群体在伦理道德方面已经形成许多共识,同一性是其基本方面;但由于历史与现实伦理境遇殊异,诸职业群体在整体道德气质上存在较大差异,不同职业群体间伦理道德发展不平衡乃至分化的现象比较突出。为建构和谐伦理关系,不仅应在全社会营造充满伦理关怀的良好氛围,引导诸职业群体走向健康的道德观念和理性的道德态度,还应当实施三大战略:基于以人民为中心的发展思想和价值取向,通过合理的制度建设和制度安排,不断提升诸职业群体,尤其是农民、无业失业下岗人员以及工人和小生意者的获得感、幸福感、安全感;进一步加强职业道德建设和职业道德教育,通过职业道德中间机制的作用,凝聚职业共识,实现社会的有机整合;培育实体伦理精神,提升职业之间交往实践的广度与深度,加深社会各职业群体之间的相互认同感。

Through three rounds of national investigations, we can find that many professional groups in China have formed many consensuses on ethics and morality in the past ten years, and similarities are greater than differences. However, due to the different historical and realistic ethical circumstances, there are many differences in the overall moral temperament of the professional groups. In order to build a harmonious ethical relationship, we should not only advocate a good atmosphere full of ethical concern in the whole society, but also guide the professional groups to form a healthy moral concept and take a rational moral attitude. Furthermore, three strategies should also be implemented: first of all, based on the people-centered development thought and value orientation, the sense of acquisition, happiness and security of professional groups, especially peasants, unemployed laid-off workers, workers and small business people, should be continuously improved through reasonable system construction and institutional arrangements. Secondly, professional ethics construction and professional ethical education should be further strengthened through the intermediate mechanism of professional ethics to gather professional consensus and to realize the organic integration of society. Last but not least, the spirit of entity ethics should be cultivated in order to promote the breadth and depth of practice of communication among professions and deepen the mutual recognition among various professional groups in society.