基于及物系统的中国国家形象“他塑”批评性分析解读——以美国官方文件涉华话语为例

A Critical Analysis of “Other-Constructed” National Image of China Based on Transitivity System:——A Case Study of China-related Discourses in U.S. Official Documents

在国力相对衰落、民粹主义高涨、国内政治需求等因素的共同作用下,美国外交政策"孤立主义"抬头,中美大国关系走向引发广泛关注。本研究基于美国近期发布的四份官方文件自建语料库,通过考察涉华话语的及物系统表征及分布,批评性分析解读其对中国国家形象的话语建构。研究发现,物质过程占比远高于关系过程、言语过程等,及物性物质过程肆意诽谤中方的正当国家行为,妖魔化中国形象;识别类关系过程则视中国崛起为严峻挑战,把对华定位从"战略竞争者"快速升级为"对手"。分析表明,美国涉华言论的"他塑""中国国家形象"凸显了美方"国强必霸"发展逻辑下的对华战略焦虑和霸权主义意识形态。

Isolationism emerges in U.S. foreign policy as a result of the relative decline of America, growing nationalism, political demands at home and so on, meanwhile, Sino-U.S. major power relations cause wide concern. The present research, based on a self-constructed corpus of four U.S. official documents issued recently, is intended to conduct a critical analysis of the discursive construction of China?s national image through examining transitivity representations and its distribution in China-related discourses in the documents. It is revealed that material processes take up a much higher percentage than relational processes, verbal processes, etc. Transitive material processes deliberately cast aspersions on China?s justifiable state acts, demonizing the image of China, indentifying relational processes identifies the rise of China as a sever challenge and its positioning of China from "strategic competitor" to "rival". The "other–constructed""national image of China" highlights U.S. strategic anxiety following the U.S. development logic that a country will inevitably become arrogant and seek hegemony when it grows strong and powerful, and its ideology of hegemony.