《人间词话》与中国传统美学的现代转化

Ren Jian Ci Hua and the Modern Transformation of Traditional Chinese Aesthetics

中国传统美学现代转化的必要性已经成为美学界的共识,但具体如何转化,学界至今仍莫衷一是。王国维的《人间词话》是中国传统美学现代转化的经典著作,他富有远见地将美学的发展置入现代文化发展的基本语境--"跨文化历史语境"中。但他在重新建构民族美学时,误解了美学的学科性质,错误地将具有时代地域阶级局限性的、以康德叔本华等人为代表的西方美学原理当成普遍真理,把中国传统美学当成材料。《人间词话》启示着中国传统美学现代转化的路径--既不能脱离西方美学的影响,又不能以西方美学原理为普遍真理而把中国美学当成材料;中国传统美学的发展应该自觉地置入"跨文化历史语境"中,恢复对民族美学的自信心,在充分注重民族美学的传统与特性的前提下,与西方美学进行对话交流,互相启发、互相影响。

The necessity of transforming Chinese traditional aesthetics in the modern times has become the consensus in the academic circle, but how to realize the transformation still remains unsolved. Wang Guowei?s Ren Jian Ci Hua is a classic book about Chinese traditional aesthetics resources in modern transformation. He put the development of aesthetics in the "cross-cultural" historical context, which is the basic context for the development of modern culture. However, when he was reconstructing national aesthetics, he misunderstood the disciplinary nature of aesthetics. He mistakenly took the western aesthetics principle with representative of Kant and Schopenhauer as a universal truth regardless of its limitations in age, region and class, and took the Chinese aesthetics resources as material. Ren Jian Ci Hua enlightens the path of Chinese traditional aesthetics resources in modern transformation--neither breaking away from the influence, nor putting the western aesthetics as universal truth or putting Chinese traditional aesthetics as material. The development of Chinese traditional aesthetics should be consciously placed in the "cross-cultural historical context", and regain confidence of national aesthetics. Under the premise of sufficient attention to national aesthetic tradition and characteristics, Chinese aesthetics should make communication with western aesthetics to inspire and influence each other.