粮饲通用型青贮玉米品种筛选与评价

Varieties Selection and Evaluation of Food and Fodder Dual-purpose Silage Maize

综合评价3个普通玉米品种的营养品质及田间性状表现,筛选适宜黄淮海地区种植的粮饲通用型玉米品种。田间种植3个普通玉米品种和青贮玉米‘雅玉8号’,调查生长期农艺性状及抗倒性;成熟期采收全株玉米,测定生物量及品质性状。各品种鲜物质产量差异明显,‘浚单509’鲜物质产量最高,平均为78139.05kg/hm^2,比对照增产5.22%;干物质含量最高的是‘永优1573’,为26.70%;‘浚单509’株高最高,为288.89cm,并且棒三叶均长最长(94.63cm)、棒三叶均宽最大(9.89cm);3个品种的主要品质性状相差不大,‘浚单509’的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量相对较低,分别为22.33%、48.85%;‘郑单958’粗蛋白含量最高,达10.2%;3个品种的粗脂肪含量都较对照低;‘永优1573’的茎秆抗穿刺强度水平最高,为62.80N/mm^2。‘浚单509’适宜作为粮饲通用型青贮玉米推广种植,‘永优1573’和‘郑单958’可作为粮饲通用型玉米改良的品种。

Nutrient quality characters and field performance of three ordinary maize varieties were evaluated to screen the suitable maize varieties for food and fodder dual-purpose in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.Three ordinary maize varieties and the silage maize‘Yayu8’were planted.Agronomic characters and lodging resistance were investigated during the growth period.The whole plant was harvested in the mature period,and then biomass and quality characters were determined.There was obvious difference in fresh matter content among the varieties,and‘Xundan509’had the highest yield with 78139.05 kg/hm^2,and increased by 5.22%compared with the control.Dry matter content of‘Yongyou1573’was the highest(26.70%).‘Xundan509’had the highest plant height(288.89 cm),the longest length of three-ear-leaves(94.63 cm)and the largest width of three-ear-leaves(9.89 cm).There was no significant difference in the major quality characters among the three maize varieties.‘Xundan509’had lower acidic detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content,which was 22.33%and 48.85%respectively.‘Zhengdan958’had the highest content of crude protein with 10.2%.The crude fat contents of three varieties were all less than that of the control.‘Yongyou1573’had the highest rind-penetration-resistance level(62.80 N/mm^2).Taken together,‘Xundan509’is suitable for planting as silage maize,‘Yongyou1573’and‘Zhengdan958’could be used as improved varieties of silage maize.