不同类型种茎对鱼腥草生长及产量的影响

Effects of Different Rhizome on Growth and Yield of Houttuynia cordata

为解决实际生产中因混用鱼腥草种茎而造成的收获产量不理想的问题,以绵阳江油‘大红’鱼腥草种茎为材料,通过不同播种前预处理以及不同年生种茎对鱼腥草生长及产量影响试验,探求不同类型的茎径分级、切段长度、年生数对鱼腥草出苗数、株高、叶片数量、叶面积、小区产量、产出类型的影响。结果表明,5cm切段处理的鱼腥草出苗数最高,但后期生长乏力;15cm切段处理的鱼腥草在成熟期之前,在株高、叶片数量和叶面积上都具有显著优势;中种茎、10cm切段处理鱼腥草的地下茎产量相对其他处理条件具有显著优势;分段为10cm的不同茎径种茎,以粗种茎产出的粗种茎分布比例和比重最高;1年生种茎在出苗数与地下茎产量方面最具优势。从收获鱼腥草地上部分的角度,15cm切段长度为获得高产的最佳预处理条件;从收获鱼腥草地下茎的角度,粗种茎、10cm切段长度为获得高产的最佳预处理条件;从收获鱼腥草优良种质资源角度,采用粗种茎可以达到最佳效果;相对多年生种茎,采用鱼腥草当年生种茎做种最为适宜。

The paper aimed at solving problems of non-ideal yield because of mixing rhizome of Houttuynia cordata.The rhizome of H.cordata‘Dahong’from Jiangyou county,Mianyang city was used as material,and the effects of rhizome diameter level,cutting length and age on sprout number,plant height,leaf quantity,leaf area,yield and output type were tested.Treatment with 5 cm cutting length had the highest sprout number but weak growth in later period;treatment with 15 cm cutting length had a distinct advantage in aspects such as plant height,leaf quantity and leaf area;treatment with 10 cm cutting length and medium rhizome diameter level had larger yield distinctly than others;treatment with superior rhizome diameter level of 10 cm cutting length could produce the largest distribution proportion and quality ratio rhizome with superior diameter level than other levels;one-year old rhizome had the highest sprout number and yield.Treatment with 15 cm cutting length was the best pretreatment condition in terms of above-ground part yield;treatment with 10 cm cutting length and medium rhizome diameter level was the best pretreatment condition in terms of below-ground part yield;treatment with superior rhizome diameter level was the best choice in terms of harvesting good germ plasma resource;one-year old rhizome was more suitable than perennial ones as production material.