外泌体与子代神经精神疾病诊治的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Offspring

胚胎神经发育受母体产前宫内及外界多种不良因素的影响,子代神经精神疾病如自闭症、精神分裂症等发生风险随之增加,如何在临床症状出现前早期诊断及干预至关重要。但目前缺乏敏感有效的早期诊断指标和治疗手段。而外泌体作为一种新型细胞间通讯载体,为子代神经精神疾病的诊治提供新思路。外泌体具有良好的生物稳定性、低免疫源性等生物特性,存在于几乎所有的体液中,携带特定活性分子靶向地改变机体生理和病理状态,可作为诊断疾病、病情进展及治疗载体等重要的非侵入性生物标志物,是近年来的研究热点。越来越多研究发现,外泌体参与胚胎神经发育及神经精神疾病多种生理和病理过程,可作为潜在的无创性早期诊断生物标志物和具有广阔的临床应用前景。

Embryonic neural development is affected by a variety of adverse factors in utero and outside the mother,and the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism and schizophrenia in offspring increases accordingly.Therefore,how to make early diagnosis and intervention before clinical symptoms is of great importance,however,there are lack of sensitive and effective early diagnostic indicators and treatment methods.Exosomes,as a type of newly discovered intercellular communication vector,provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases in offspring.Exosomes have the biological features of good biological stability and low immunogenicity,existing in nearly all body fluids, carrying certain active molecules that target to change the body ′s physiological and pathological condition,and can be used as important non- invasive biomarkers of diagnosis,progression and therapeutic vectors of diseases,which has become a research hotspot in recent years.More and more studies have found that exosomes are involved in various physiological and pathological processes of embryonic neural development and neuropsychiatric diseases,and have potentials as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and clinical application.