外泌体在乳腺癌中的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosome in Breast Cancer

虽然多种方式的综合治疗改善了乳腺癌的预后,但其仍是女性中最致命的癌症。肿瘤的经典临床病理特征具有重要的预后价值,但要基于肿瘤组织样本的评估。因此,寻找新的非侵入性的可作为肿瘤信息源并可通过外周血标本获得的循环生物标志物是临床面临的一个巨大挑战,且对患者药物耐药、肿瘤复发和转移的监测对乳腺癌预后也至关重要。而外泌体,即纳米囊泡,作为一种可获得和有效的细胞信息来源成为近年的研究热点,其可能有助于早期诊断乳腺癌,并参与肿瘤浸润、进展、转移、治疗与耐药。因此,未来外泌体将成为防治乳腺癌转移、乳腺癌患者耐药的新靶标,且基于外泌体的免疫治疗及基因治疗也需进一步研究。

Although a combination of multiple treatments has improved the prognosis of breast cancer,it remains the deadliest cancer in women.The classic clinicopathologic features of tumors have important prognostic value,but require evaluation based on tumor tissue samples.Therefore,it is a great challenge to search for new non-invasive circulating biomarkers that can be used as tumor information source and obtained from peripheral blood samples.In addition,the monitoring of drug resistance,tumor recurrence and metastasis is also very important for the prognosis of breast cancer.Exosome,also known as nano vesicle,has become one of the research hotspots in recent years as an available and effective source of cell information,which may contribute to the early diagnosis of breast cancer and be involved in tumor invasion,progression,metastasis,treatment and drug resistance.Therefore,exosome will become a new target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance in the future,and exosome-based immunotherapy and gene therapy also need to be further studied.