跑步运动中触地模式对跟腱生物力学影响的研究进展

Research Advances in Effects of Foot Touchdown Patterns on Biomechanics of Achilles Tendon in Running

跟腱病是最常见的跑步相关损伤之一,跟腱在小腿肌肉力量传递和协调运动产生中起着关键作用。跑步中前足触地模式下跟腱受到的拉伸会更多,而后足触地模式可减低跟腱的应力、应变和应变速率,但触地时受到的垂直反作用力更高。目前不同跑步触地模式下跟腱的生物力学与跟腱损伤的关系尚未明确。相关研究多为在室内进行的小样本研究,受试者间基本资料差异较大,还需要更大样本、更多维度、更详细的高质量研究探索不同跑步触地模式对跟腱的生物力学影响,以选出适合跑步的触地模式,减少相关跟腱损伤。

Achilles tendinopathy is one of the most common running-related injuries.Achilles tendon(AT)plays a key role in calf muscle functions,including proper muscle force transmission and movement generation.The front foot touching pattern has a higher tension of the lower AT.The rear foot pattern may reduce AT stress,strain,and strain rate,but the vertical reaction force is higher when touching the ground.The relationship between AT biomechanics and injury in different foot touchdown patterns is not clear.Most of the related studies are small sample studies conducted indoors.There are great differences in basic data among subjects.More samples,more dimensions and more detailed high-quality studies are needed to explore the biomechanical effects of different running touchdown patterns on AT in order to select the suitable modes and reduce the related AT injury.