明代前期黄河南泛与贾鲁河的形成

The Research on the Yellow River South Inundated Area and the Formation of Jialu River in the Early Ming Dynasty

明代前期采取“北堤南分”的治黄策略。在这一策略的指导下,黄河在河南境内出现过数条南下入淮泛道,贾鲁河即是其中之一。贾鲁河是在正统二年黄泛通道孙家渡河上初步形成的,经刘大夏疏浚后,与元代贾鲁大河互为表里,分泄黄河来水,行河时间近百年之久,故又有“小黄河”之称。明正德以后,治黄策略由分流治河变为“筑堤束水,以水攻沙”。在治黄方略转变影响下,贾鲁大河主流逐渐归于一槽,黄河南泛通道基本断绝,贾鲁河分黄河水南下的历史宣告结束。贾鲁河的水源构成随之发生改变,水量丰沛的嵩阴山地诸山泉水、双洎河汇入贾鲁河,改善了贾鲁河的水运条件,促进流域沿岸明清商业市镇的兴起与繁荣。

In the early Ming Dynasty, the management strategy of “river diversion” was adopted. Under the guidance of this strategy, several tributaries of the Yellow River that went down southward to the Huai River appeared in the south of Henan Province, and the Jialu River was one of them. Jialu River was preliminarily originated from the Sunjiadu River along the Yellow River inundated channel in AD 1437. It was dredged by Liu Daxia and its relation with Jialu River in the Yuan Dynasty was interdependent, as both of them were used to divert the flood from the Yellow River. Jialu River has existed for nearly a hundred years and thus called as“the Small Yellow River”. After Zhengde Emperor’s governance in the Ming Dynasty, the strategy of managing the Yellow River was transformed from river diversion into“building dikes for contracting water and contracting water for sand discharge”. Under the influence of such change, the mainstreams of the river were gradually converged, causing basic disappearance of the Yellow River inundated channels. The history of the Jialu River that diverted the water from the Yellow River was declared to end. The water source structure of the Jialu River was changed accordingly. The plentiful spring water from Song Mountains and the water from Shuangji River entered Jialu River, improving the water transport conditions of the Jialu River and promoting the rise and prosperity of the commercial towns along the river in Ming and Qing Dynasties.