我国小麦与玉米产量对地面覆盖的响应

Response of Soil Mulching to Yield of Wheat and Maize in China

为小麦和玉米高产节水栽培提供科学依据,采用整合分析法(Meta)定量分析不同覆盖措施(塑料薄膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖)对我国小麦和玉米籽粒产量的影响及其最佳施用条件。结果表明:覆盖条件下小麦和玉米的产量平均增加12.28%,玉米的增产效应高于小麦。不同栽培措施小麦和玉米籽粒的产量存在差异。覆盖措施下西北地区小麦籽粒的产量显著增加,提高11.26%;华北平原小麦籽粒的产量下降1.35%,变化差异不显著。秸秆覆盖量≥5000kg/hm^2时,小麦籽粒产量增加显著。不论是平作还是垄作,秸秆覆盖的小麦均表现为减产趋势,而玉米均表现为增产趋势,且垄作栽培的增产效果更显著。灌溉条件下秸秆覆盖小麦籽粒的产量下降6.71%,而雨养条件下小麦产量提高9.63%;在灌溉和雨养条件下秸秆覆盖和塑料薄膜都能提高玉米籽粒产量。秸秆覆盖措施的增产效应以西北地区效果最佳,在生产上应用秸秆覆盖量≥5000kg/hm^2;垄作覆盖有利于提高玉米的产量,且效果优于平作覆盖。

The effect of different mulching measures(plastic film mulching and straw mulching)on grain yield of wheat and maize and the optimal application condition were quantitatively analyzed by Meta-analysis to provide the scientific basis for high-yielding and water-saving cultivation of wheat and maize in China.Result:The yield of wheat and maize under the mulching condition increases by 12.28%averagely and the yield-increasing effect of maize is higher than wheat.There is a difference in grain yield of wheat and maize among different cultivation measures.The grain yield of wheat increases by 11.26%in Northwest Area but decreases by 1.35%in North China Plain.The grain yield of wheat increases significantly when straw mulching amount is≥5 000 kg/hm^2.The grain yield of wheat shows a declining trend but grain yield of maize shows an increasing trend under the straw mulching condition when the convention planting or ridge planting pattern is used.The yield-increasing effect of maize under the ridge planting pattern is higher than the convention planting pattern.The grain yield of wheat decreases by 6.71%under the irrigation condition but increases by 9.63%under the rain-fed condition when the straw mulching pattern is used.The straw and plastic film mulching patterns both can improve grain yield of maize under irrigation and rain-fed conditions.The yield-increasing effect of wheat and maizeunder the straw mulching pattern is the best in Northwest Area when straw mulching amount is≥5 000 kg/hm^2.The ridge planting+mulching pattern is beneficial to increase of maize yield and the yield-increasing effect of the ridge plating+mulching pattern is better than the flat planting+mulching pattern.