运载火箭整流罩降噪技术研究进展

Research Progress on Noise Attenuation Technology of Launch Vehicle Fairing

由于运载火箭在发射和飞行过程中会经受严酷的发动机喷流噪声和气动噪声,外噪声通过声透射和蒙皮振动声辐射形成整流罩内噪声,过大的内噪声可能导致有效载荷和精密仪器设备的破坏失效,从而降低系统可靠性。因此,需要通过声学优化手段改善整流罩内噪声环境。总结中国外整流罩声学优化的主要方法及工程应用的研究进展,对敷设声学覆盖层、铺设亥姆霍兹共鸣器和主动噪声控制技术等几种主要方法进行了详细介绍,并提出了中国在该领域亟待解决的关键问题。

During launch and flight,launch vehicle is withstood harsh engine jets and aerodynamic noise,which is called external noise.The internal noise of fairing is generated by external noise through sound transmission and skin vibration acoustic radiation.Excessive internal noise can result in the failure of payload and precise instrument,thus reducing the reliability of the system.Therefore,it is very necessary to improve the internal noise environment of fairing by acoustic optimization.This paper reviews including the main methods of acoustic optimization and the research progress of the engineering application about fairing at home and abroad,The laying acoustic covering layer,laying of helmholtz resonator,and active noise control technology are introduced in detail,and puts forward the key problems need to be solved in this field in our country.