我国与周边国家海洋争端的国际管辖权问题研究

A Study of the Jurisdiction Issue Relating to the Maritime Disputes between China and its Surrounding Countries

国家包括地区间的海洋争端,主要有领土主权、大陆架或专属经济区划分、矿产及渔业资源的开发利用、地物的地理特征属性等多种之争。中国与周边一些国家和地区间的海洋争端,也大致如此。解决这些海洋争端,国际司法或仲裁无疑是两条重要途径,这其中首先需厘清管辖权问题,即法院或仲裁庭是否有权审理相关争端。尤其是《联合国海洋法公约》引入“强制管辖”条款,管辖权问题更为关键,包括强制管辖的适用范围、主体、例外等。通过分析国际司法的同意原则和自裁原则,探讨研究中国与周边国家和地区的海洋争端提交国际司法或仲裁管辖权的基础问题,特别是这些争端提交国际司法或仲裁的可能性问题,显得尤为重要。

The maritime disputes between states and areas include disputes over sovereign territories,the division of the continental shelf or exclusive economic zones,the exploitation and utilization of mineral and fisheries resources,and the nature of certain features,etc.There are maritime disputes between China and the neighboring states and areas.International arbitration or adjudication are two important ways to resolve these disputes.A preliminary issue of international arbitration or adjudication is whether the arbitral tribunal or the court has the competence to hear the dispute.Especially when the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has introduced compulsory jurisdiction,the jurisdiction is more essential,including its scope of application,subject,exceptions,etc.In light of the principle of consent and the competence-competence doctrine that are applied by international adjudication,this paper analyzes the jurisdictional basis of international arbitration and adjudication and the possibility of each type of dispute between China and its neighboring states to be submitted to international arbitration or adjudication.