司法责任制与司法豁免权平衡问题研究

Research on the Balance of Judicial Responsibility System and Judicial Immunity

司法责任制是当前司法体制改革的重要内容,目前司法界过于侧重司法责任制而对司法豁免权有所忽视,使得二者处于明显失衡状态,司法豁免权在我国仍然处于起步阶段,理论界和实务界存在的主要问题是:重责任轻保障、立法不规范、缺少完善的豁免机制。司法责任制是权责统一的制度保障,司法豁免权又是司法权力能动性的履职保障,二者相辅相成,有效提升司法效能。鉴于此,应当完善相关立法规范、落实法官检察官独立办案、进一步明确司法豁免权的内容和界限、完善司法责任的追责与豁免程序、提升法官检察官的职业保障,以保证司法责任制与司法豁免权处于动态平衡。

Judicial responsibility system is the system guarantee of unified power and responsibility.Judicial immunity is the performance guarantee of judicial power initiative.The two complement each other and effectively improve judicial efficiency.At present,the judicial system has placed too much emphasis on the judicial responsibility system and neglected the judicial immunity,which made the two in a state of obvious imbalance.The main problems are:weak security,non-standard legislation,and lack of perfect exemption mechanism.In view of this,it is necessary to improve relevant legislative norms,implement the independent handling of cases by judges and prosecutors,further clarify the content and boundaries of judicial immunity,improve the procedures for the accountability and exemption of judicial responsibilities,and improve the professional security of judges and prosecutors to ensure judicial responsibility system and judicial immunity is in a dynamic balance.