流域水环境遥感研究进展与思考

Progress in remote sensing of aquatic environments at the watershed scale

卫星遥感作为一种先进的水环境监测技术手段,可以监测现状,掌握现有情况;也可以追溯过去,揭示变化规律;同时还可以结合动力模型,模拟未来。这为人类了解、掌握和管理流域水环境变化发挥不可替代的作用。特别是近10 a已经进入"高分卫星时代",卫星传感器的空间分辨率越来越高,可观测的参数越来越多,反演和估算精度越来越高。但是,目前还缺乏从流域角度阐述水环境遥感的相关综述文章。论文围绕"流域水环境遥感"研究主题,明确了研究的对象和范围,厘清了基本理论框架,并结合大家关注的问题,包括卫星数据源、水环境模型、富营养化湖泊藻类富集、水生植被退化、水面积变化等方面的研究进展和存在的问题进行了回顾和梳理;并指出在全球变暖和人类活动加剧背景下,未来需要研发专门面向流域水环境的天-空-地立体观测体系和系统框架,开展全流域统筹的水环境遥感监测和模拟,同时加强流域水体碳循环遥感研究。

Since ancient times, humans have lived near water, depending on water for survival and progress.There is a close link between the environmental quality of a lake or river basin and human activity, with the role of their ecological services being of vital importance to local communities. As an advanced technology, satellite remote sensing can monitor the spatial dynamics of the current situation, as well as look back to determine the temporal dynamics of aquatic environments. This allows, when combined with modeling, the possibility to project the future situation in order to improve planning and environmental management. Remote sensing can play an irreplaceable role for humans to understand, monitor, and manage basin environments for the present and future generations. This article focuses on the remote sensing of lake and river basins, exploring different research objectives, addressing the basic theoretical framework, analyzing the state-of-the-art in Chinese and international research programs, and pointing to priorities for future development.