清前期政教关系中的儒教及三教问题——乾隆朝三教堂案研究

Confucianism and the Three Teachings in the Narratives of Theocracy in the Early Qing Period

清乾隆朝河南学政林枝春奏准禁毁三教堂。在乾隆帝的首肯下,三教堂案逐渐演化为一场由上至下的全国性清查运动,并留下较为完整的有关档案。近年来,学界在华北各地的田野调查中,相继发现大量有关三教堂的地方文献,内容包括村庙碑碣、教派经卷以及口述史材料。原本不被注意的清初政教与基层社会的互动,也在地方文献与中央档案的比对之下开始呈现,有助于研究者从地方化的视角,重新梳理清初政教关系、思想运动以及民间教派之间的复杂关系。

With the approval of Emperor Qianlong,the 1744 proposal by Lin Zhicun,Provincial Education Commissioner of Henan,banning the three-teaching-hall became a nationwide theocratic cleansing movement.While the extensive archives of this case have provided scholars with evidence from the perspective of the central government,the local sources for this case,including stele inscriptions,sectarian scriptures and oral histories,unearthed via f ield studies in recent years,have made available an equally important popular narrative.The hidden interaction between the early Qing central government and the local society,demonstrated through detailed studies of both imperial archives and local sources,will shed new light on the comprehensive relationships between intellectual history and sectarianism in the early Qing theocracy.