阿尔茨海默病的预防:从风险因素到早期诊断

Prevention of Alzheimer disease: from risk factors to early diagnosis

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是引起痴呆的主要原因,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方案,关于AD 治疗的新药研发也屡屡失败,因此,重视预防对AD 意义深远。近些年随着AD 诊断生物标记物的迅速发展,AD 的早期诊断变得越来越准确。此外,越来越多的证据显示AD 和其他慢性病一样,有许多可防可控的风险因素,对这些风险因素的早期干预有助于延缓或预防AD 的发生。本文主要论述了AD的风险因素及其致病机制,从基于识别和降低风险因素的一级预防,到基于早期发现AD 病理生理特征,在临床前阶段早期诊断、早期干预的二级预防,以提高对AD 预防的认识和重视,促进科学防控。

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia. At present, there is no effective treatment plan. The development of new drugs for AD treatment has also been persistently unsuccessful. Therefore, it is of great significance to emphasize AD prevention. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD, early diagnosis of AD has become increasingly accurate. In addition, there is growing evidence that AD, like other chronic diseases, has many preventable risk factors, and early intervention with these risk factors can help delay or prevent AD. This article mainly discusses the risk factors and pathogenic mechanism of AD, from primary prevention based on identifying and reducing risk factors, to secondary prevention based on early detection of AD pathophysiological characteristics, early diagnosis in the early preclinical stage, and early intervention. The aim of this article is to call for awareness and attention to AD prevention and promote scientific prevention and control.