美国人事管理中的信息安全审查制度及其启示

The Information Security Clearance System in America and Its Inspiration

为了维护国家、组织安全与利益,信息安全审查成为重要岗位及行业从业者上岗前的重要流程。美国联邦政府公共行政管理领域安全保障体系完善,在信息安全审查程序与制度设计方面拥有丰富的历史经验并特点突出,如信息安全审查程序严格、雇佣双方权责统一。通过将美国公共部门与私人部门的安全审查进行深入对比,及其与中国政审制度进行比较,很明显中国政审制度在安全审查领域存在明显不足,如政审对象范围广、程序针对性差、内容狭窄、手段单一、延续性有待加强等,难以成为涉密人员安全审查的有效方式。美国在信息安全审查领域的经验是有益的借鉴,中国需要在原有的政审制度设计上进行改造和完善,在重要岗位和涉密人员安全审查方面探索具有中国特色的安全审查体系。

Information security clearance has become a significant process to safeguard classified national security information and/or occupy a national security sensitive position.The United States Federal Government has a excellent security system with historical experience and prominent characteristics in both procedure and system,such as strict clearance procedure and an integration of rights and responsibilities.This article makes an in-depth introduction of the security clearance of the public sector in America and compares it with which in the private sector and with Chinese political censor,revealing some obvious deficiencies of the censor in target definition,procedure effectiveness,content comprehensiveness,manner diversity and system continuity.With the useful experience of the United States in the field of information security clearance,we need to reform our political censor system and explore a security clearance system with Chinese characteristics.