闺秀·名媛·学者——民国女性诗词的多元书写

Genteel Ladies, Socialite, Scholar——Pluralistic Writing on Female Poetry during the Republic of China

闺秀、名媛、学者是民国女性诗词写作的三大群体。新闺秀诗人显示出女性在新旧交融时代中的顺应与隐忍、流连和回望、反抗与革新。中国女子书画会成员以描绘洋派生活与女性才貌、袒露女子私情与同性情谊等方式,书写具有时尚特质和商业气息的名媛诗词,迎合市民阶级的审美趣味。中央大学女学者诗词跨越性别之界,形成士人身份的集体认同,继承文以载道、传道授业、为国分忧的士大夫精神,强调文学的经世致用。三者交错并存,既有对传统闺阁诗词的回顾与守望,也开拓出现代女性诗词的新局面,折射出旧体文学内部场域的激烈变革和女性诗词的演进趋势,并呈现与女性解放相一致的路径。民国女性诗词使得旧文学中潜隐的现代女性精神浮出历史地表,也弥补了片面从新文学角度研究性别意识变迁的不足。

Guixiu("闺秀",genteel ladies),socialites and scholars are the three major groups of women's poetry writing in the Republic of China.Guixiu show women's adaptation and tolerance,lingering and looking back,resistance and innovation in the old and new mixed times.The Chinese Female Calligraphy and Painting Group(1934-1949)create fashionable and commercial poetry by presenting their western life,talents,love,friendship and paintings.They cater to the aesthetic taste of the citizens.The poetries of women scholars at the National Centre University minimized the boundaries of gender,formed the collective identity of scholars,inherited the literati spirit of"writing for conveying truth",preaching knowledge and caring for the country,and emphasized the practical use of literature.All of this not only reflect the retrospect and watch of traditional boudoir poems,but also create a new situation for modern women's poetry,which reflecting the radical transformation in the interior field of the classical literature and the evolution of the female classical poems.In addition,they are consistent with the path of gender liberation.The female poetries in the Republic of China made the latent modern female spirit in the classical literature emerge from the historical surface,which also makes up for the deficiencies of studying the changes of women's ideology from the perspective of new literature.