生猪养殖户养殖效率分析——基于4省277户养殖户的调研

Analysis of Pig Breeding Efficiency and its Influence Factors——A Survey of 277 Farmers in Four Provinces in China

近年生猪产业受环境和资源要素的双重约束,提高养殖生产效率、准确把握养殖效率的关键影响因素对破解环境及资源制约、推动生猪产业供给侧改革、保证生猪市场的健康稳定运行具有现实意义。本文利用我国生猪大省277户生猪养殖户调研数据,运用数据包络分析方法对我国不同养殖区域生猪养殖户养殖效率进行测算,并对影响养殖效率的主要影响因素及影响程度进行深入探讨。研究发现:(1)我国生猪养殖规模效率、技术效率相对较高,配置效率、经济效率整体水平低下,亟待提高;生猪养殖重点发展区技术效率具有明显优势,而潜力发展区在养殖规模效率、配置效率、经济效率方面优势显著。(2)提高养殖户户主受教育水平、推动生猪养殖机械化发展、降低预混料投入比例、增加饲料利用率对提升生猪养殖效率具有积极作用,养殖集约化程度存在最优水平,纯自繁自育养殖模式和纯育肥养殖模式的技术效率高于两者兼顾的养殖模式。

Using survey data of 277 pig-breeding farmers,this paper calculates the technical efficiency(TE),scale efficiency(SE),allocation efficiency(AE)and economic efficiency(EE)of pig breeding in different areas usingdata envelopment analysis(DEA)method,and then makes a further discussion on main influence factors. The results show that:(1)The SE and TE of pig breeding in China are relatively high,while the EE and AE are low.(2)The TE in the key development areas has obvious advantages,while in the potential development areas,the values of SE,AE and EE have obvious advantages.(3)Increasing the education level of farmers,promoting the breeding equipment,reducing the proportion of premix input and increasing the utilization rate of feed have positive effects on improving the efficiency of live pig breeding.(4)The degree of breeding intensification has an optimal level. The TE of piglet by self-born model and piglet by bought model are higher than the TE of two model coexist.