洱海流域山水林田湖草各要素特征、存在问题及生态保护修复措施

Characteristics,problems and ecological protection and restoration measures of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland elements in Lake Erhai Basin

洱海作为我国水质较好湖泊的代表,也是我国“新三湖”重点保护湖泊之一,山水林田湖草生态保护修复是洱海流域生态文明建设的重要内容,也是破解当前洱海保护治理难题的必然要求。系统阐述了流域山水林田湖草各要素特征,诊断了其存在的主要问题,按照“修山育林、净田治河、修复宜居、增容保水”的思路,以提升洱海水质为核心,坚持山水林田湖草综合施策、系统治理,明确生态保护修复总体目标和绩效指标,提出优化流域生态空间,强化山体林区生态修复,发展绿色生态农业,强化入湖河流小流域综合治理,实施洱海水生态调控与修复,提升流域环境监管能力等一系列任务措施,形成洱海流域山水林田湖草一体化保护修复方案,为流域山水林田湖草保护治理工作提供总纲和指导,同时也为洱海保护治理和流域可持续发展提供科学依据。

Lake Erhai,as a representative of lakes with good water quality in China,is one of the key protection lakes of the“new three lakes”.Ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland(MRFFLG)is an important content of ecological civilization construction in the basin,and also an inevitable requirement to solve the current problems in protection and management of Lake Erhai.The ecological environmental characteristics of MRFFLG elements of Lake Erhai were expounded systematically,and the main problems diagnosed.Following a general idea of“mountains restoration and afforestation,farmlands and rivers pollution control,ecological restoration and livable environment,and environment capacity increasing and water retention”,with Lake Erhai water quality improvement as the core target,and insisting on comprehensive measures and systematic management of MRFFLG,the overall goal and performance indexes of protection and restoration were defined.A series of tasks and measures,including ecology spatial pattern optimization,mine treatment and forest ecosystem repair,green and ecological agriculture development,inlake small watershed systematic governance,aquatic ecosystem regulation and restoration,and environment supervision management enhancement,were put forward.The integrated protection and restoration programme of Lake Erhai Basin was thus formed,so as to provide a general outline and guidance for the protection and management of MRFFLG in Lake Erhai Basin and also provided a scientific basis for the protection and management and sustainable development of Lake Erhai Basin.