“火”与“冰”:地方高校转型实践中的创新与困境——基于六所地方转型高校的深度调查

"Fire" and "Ice" ——Innovation and Dilemma in the Transformation Practice of Local Colleges and Universities: An In-depth Investigation Based on Six Local Transitional Universities

推动地方本科高校向应用型转变是我国教育领域人才供给侧结构性改革的重要内容。目前我国“地方高校转型”的政策体系已初步形成,地方高校转型实践也在如火如荼地展开。文章基于六所地方转型高校的深度调查,发现和总结了一系列凝聚中国特色的地方高校转型经验:以“学校章程、发展规划、决议”等形式将学校转型发展战略及“应用型办学定位”予以明确;以建设产业学院、调整专业(群)建设、加强应用性研究等方式实现高校与地方区域经济社会发展的对接;以应用型人才培养、工程教育、专业认证等作为高校人才培养方案修订的依据;以增加实践类课程比重、设置模块化课程、强化创新创业课程等方式改革学校课程体系;以校企“合作共建共享”的方式来加强高校实习实训基地及产学研用平台建设;以“教师管理制度的创新与突破”“引进来”“送出去”“双聘双挂”等多路径,来提升高校“双师双能型”教师队伍建设质量。这些如“火”的现场背后也存在如“冰”的困境:关于“地方高校转型”的理念与认识仍缺乏“共识”,仍存在“标签化”疑虑;地方高校各“关键要素”的转型仍存在能力、路径及机制等多方面障碍;高校服务区域经济社会发展以及“产教融合、校企合作”仍是短板,亟待完善制度、理顺机制。基于此,未来应进一步转变观念并达成共识,将应用型高校作为一种“类型”的高校来看待;要进一步发挥省级政府在区域高等教育布局结构调整、实施高等教育分类设置与分类管理中的关键作用;地方转型高校“关键要素”的突破仍是重中之重。

Promoting the transformation of local undergraduate universities into application- oriented ones is an important part of the structural reform of talent supply side in the field of education in China. At present, the policy systemof "transformation of local colleges and universities" has initially taken shape, and the practice of transformation of local colleges and universities is also in full swing. Based on the in-depth investigation of six local transforming universities, a series of transforming experiences of local universities with Chinese characteristics have been found: defining the transforming development strategy and the orientation of "application-oriented school running" in the form of school charter, development plan and resolution;realizing the connection between universities and local regional economic and social development by means of "building industrial college","adjusting specialty (group) construction" and "strengthening applied research";taking the training of applied talents, engineering education, professional certification standards as the basis for the revision of talent training programs in colleges and universities;reforming the school curriculum system by increasing the proportion of practical courses, seting up modular courses, and strengthening innovation and entrepreneurship courses;strengthening the construction of practice training bases and production-teaching-research-application platforms in colleges and universities by means of "cooperation, co -construction and sharing" between schools and enterprises;enhancing the "dual-teacher and dual-ability" teachers teamby means of "innovation and breakthrough of teacher management system","introduction","sending out","double -hiring and double -hanging" and so on. Behind the scene of "fire" there are also dilemmas hard as ice: there is still a lack of "consensus" on the concept and understanding of "transformation of local colleges and universities", and there are still doubts about "labeling";there are still many obstacles in the transformation of "key elements" of local colleges and universities, such as capacity, path and mechanism;colleges and universities are still weak in serving regional economy and society and the "integration of industry and education, school-enterprise cooperation" is still insufficient, which requires improvement in the system and the mechanism. Based on this, we should further change our concepts and reach consensus in the future, treat applied universities as a "type" of universities;provincial governments should further play the key role in the adjustment of regional higher education layout, the implementation of higher education classification settings and management. The breakthrough in the "key elements" is still the top priority for local transitional universities.