异质性企业多元出口与生产率关系视角下的贸易利益研究

Multiple Export-Productivity Relationship of Heterogeneous Firms and Gains from Trade

本文基于异质性企业出口-生产率关系的多元情形,通过对Melitz和Redding(2015)分析框架的拓展,揭示了“出口生产率悖论”条件下一国的贸易利益。即使出口企业生产率低于非出口企业,贸易开放也显著提高了行业平均生产率水平和一国总贸易利益,但是在“Melitz情形”下的总贸易利益大于“悖论情形”。我们通过对接中国工业企业数据库和海关统计数据库数据,检验了出口-生产率关系的多元情形对中国贸易利益的影响。此外,本文还发现,显著悖论行业内企业是否出口的决策可能成为抑制中国贸易利益持续提升的影响因素。

Based on the diversified situation of the export-productivity relationship of heterogeneous firms, this paper reveals the trade benefits in the context of the “export-productivity paradox” by expanding Melitz and Redding's(2015) theoretical analysis framework. Even when the productivity of exporting firms is lower than that of non-exporters, trade opening continues to significantly increase the average productivity level of an industry and the aggregate trade benefits of a country, but the aggregate trade benefits under the “Melitz situation”are greater than in the “paradox case”. Through the combination of China's Industrial Enterprise Database and the Customs Statistics Database, this paper empirically tests the influence of the diversified situation of the export-productivity relationship on the trade benefits of China, confirming the theoretical hypothesis of this paper. With regard to empirical evidence, it is also noted that the export decision of firms in the “significant paradox industry” may become a factor that inhibits the continued promotion of China's commercial interests.