基于降解地膜覆盖的新疆棉花生长发育及效益分析

The impacts of different degradable plastic mulches on growth and yield of Xinjiang cotton

为研究降解地膜降解进程及其对新疆南部棉花生长发育、产量和经济效益的影响,在新疆阿克苏以普通地膜(PE)为对照,进行T1、T2、T3(氧化-生物双降解生态地膜)、HS(生物分解地膜)4种可降解地膜覆盖棉田试验。结果表明,T1、T2、T3、HS诱导期分别为71、67、57、52 d,降解速率T3>HS>T2>T1。在棉花关键生育时期,T1和PE的棉花株高与其他可降解地膜差异显著,蕾数、铃数、花数、果枝数差异不显著。PE和T1棉花快速增长期较长,PE干物质积累量比T1少4.71%;而PE比T2、T3、HS高20.62%、5.03%、27.33%。单株结铃数表现为PE>T1>T3>T2>HS;与PE籽棉产量相比,HS显著减产30.26%,其他处理与PE差异不显著。研究表明,T1覆盖的棉花干物质积累量、籽棉产量等效果与PE相当,增收5.81%,降解速率慢;T3覆盖效果与PE无显著差异,减收7.97%,降解速率比T1快。综合经济效益与生态效益,T3更适宜在新疆南部棉田覆盖。

The aim of this research was to study the effect of different degradable mulches on cotton growth, yield, and economic benefits in southern Xinjiang. Four kinds of degradable plastic film mulch, namely T1, T2, T3(oxidized-biodegradable ecological film), and HS(biodegradable film), were tested in the field, with ordinary plastic(PE)film as a control, in Aksu, Xinjiang. The results showed that the induction periods of T1, T2, T3 and HS were 71, 67, 57 days, and 52 days, respectively, and the ranking of degradation rate was T3>HS>T2>T1.During the critical growth period of cotton, the plant height of T1 and PE significantly differed from the remaining degradable plastic films,but the number of buds, bolls, flowers, and fruit branches did not differ significantly. PE and T1 treated cotton had a long period of rapid growth. Dry matter accumulation of cotton with PE applied as a mulch was 4.71% lower than that of T1, while PE was 20.62%, 5.03%, and27.33% higher than T2, T3 and HS, respectively. The ranking of boll setting-number per plant was PE>T1>T3>T2>HS, and the seed cotton yield of HS decreased by 30.26% compared with that of PE. The dry matter accumulation and seed cotton yield of cotton covered with T1 were similar to those of PE, with an increase of output value of 5.81% and a slower rate of degradation. The effect of T3 mulching was not significantly different from that of PE, with a decrease of output value of 7.97% and a faster degradation rate than that of T1. T3 is deemed to be more suitable for cotton field mulching in southern Xinjiang.