弗拉维王朝犹太政策探析

On the Jewish Policy of Flavian Dynasty

对于罗马弗拉维王朝的犹太政策,今人往往因其对犹太人镇压与宽容的矛盾而困惑,进而强调罗马人对犹太人的宽容与保护。事实上,弗拉维王朝犹太政策的矛盾性源于多神教帝国对独一神宗教的认知偏差。公元70年第一次犹太起义后,弗拉维王朝实施了一系列对犹举措,却未能摧毁其眼中的犹太宗教,也未能阻止犹太与罗马之间再次爆发战争。然而,弗拉维王朝犹太政策的实施却推动了罗马与犹太这对异质文明之间的互动,并对罗马帝国处理犹太问题产生了深远影响。

As for the Jewish policy of Flavian Dynasty,modern scholars always perplex by the contradiction between suppression and toleration on Judaism. In fact, such contradiction of the policy is a result of misreading of the polytheistic empire to the monotheistic religion. From the perspective of Roman official religious tradition, the true aim of the series of initiatives against Judaism after the First Jewish Revolt was to destroy the Jewish Religion itself. Although the Jewish policy of Flavian Dynasty failed to destroy Judaism and to prevent further Jewish revolts, the implementation of the policy gave impetus to the interaction between the Roman and Jewish Civilization, and had profound impacts on the future Jewish policy of Roman Empire.