转型时期英国同业公会自治权探究

On the Autonomy of the British Livery Company in the Transitional Period

受社会转型进程中各方因素的影响,英国同业公会组织借助皇家特许状成为合法的法人团体,也因此获得包括行业准入权、贸易搜查权、规范标准权、财务管理权和司法审判权在内的多项自治权。这些自治权的赋予是行会制度和国家政府的共同选择,实力的此消彼长以及内在利益的一致性保证了它们之间的相互需要。虽然英国同业公会自治权的涉及范围广且程度深,但也并非绝对的自治。随着国家实力的加强和权力的巩固,它们逐渐被纳入到国家管理体制中,成为政府职能的一种延伸。公会充分发挥了中间组织的"桥梁"作用,不仅保证了城市经济的稳步发展和市民利益的有效实现,也有利于国家的宏观调控,为英国社会转型创造了良好的外部环境。

Influenced by various factors in the process of social transformation, the British Livery Companies had become a legal corporate body with the help of the Royal Charter, thus acquiring a number of autonomy rights including the right of trade admission, the right of trade search, the right of standards make, the right of financial management and the right of judicial jurisdiction. The granting of these autonomieswasa common choice between the guild system and the national government, and the mutual needs between these rights were ensured by the mutual strength and the consistency of internal interests. Although the British companies had a much larger scope and degree of autonomy, they were not absolutely autonomous. With the enhancement of national strength and the consolidation of power, they were gradually incorporated into the national management system and became an extension of government functions. The companies had fully played the role in the "bridge" of the intermediate organization, which not only ensured the steady development of urban economy and the effective realization of citizens’ interests, but also contributed to the macro-control of the country and created a good external environment for the social transformation of Britain.