我国农民工职业教育与培训的政策演变

Policy Evolution of Vocational Education and Training for Migrant Workers in China

20世纪90年代,我国农民工向城市流动就业的形势愈演愈烈,而农民工职业教育与培训却没有受到政府部门应有的重视。进入21世纪,政府各部门不断出台相关政策,财政支持力度也逐渐加大,农民工职业教育与培训取得一定成绩,但是政出多门、各自为政的现象使得政策效果大打折扣。“十二五”期间,为推动农民工市民化,将农民工职业教育与培训纳入国家现代职业教育体系的趋势渐显。近年来,如何满足一些优秀农民工的需求,提高他们的学历教育水平和能力,同时做好教育扶贫工作,成为政策创新的两个着力点。

In the 1990s, the mobility and employment of migrant workers in cities became more and more serious, while the vocational education and training of migrant workers did not receive the attention of governments. Into the 21st century, various government departments keep introducing relevant policies and financial support has gradually increased so that some achievements have been made in the vocational education and training of migrant workers, but the outcomes of multiple policies and the separate operation have greatly reduced the effectiveness of the policies. During the period of the 12th Five-Year Plan, to promote the citizenization of migrant workers, the trend of incorporating vocational education and training of migrant workers into the national modem vocational education system has become obvious. In recent years, it has become two focus of policy innovation to meet the needs of some excellent migrant workers and improve their educational level and ability, and meantime do a good job in poverty alleviation through education.