母乳喂养与人工喂养对婴儿生长速率的影响及缺铁性贫血、营养状态的差异性分析

Effect of breast-feeding and artificial feeding on growth rate of baby and difference analysis of iron deficiency anemia and nutritional status

目的探讨母乳喂养(breast-feeding,BF)与人工喂养(artificial feeding,AF)对婴儿生长速率的影响及缺铁性贫血(iron-deficiency anemia,IDA)、营养状态的差异性.方法选取2016年1月~2019年1月于某三甲医院门诊进行健康体检的260名婴儿为研究对象,根据喂养方式将其分为AF组(n=134)和BF组(n=126),取婴儿静脉血测量其血红蛋白含量、红细胞平均体积和红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度等指标,同时对其进行为期1年的随访观察,了解2组婴儿体格发育情况以及IDA发生情况.结果BF组喂养6个月后其体质量明显高于AF组,但血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)水平低于AF组(P<0.05);2组身高、红细胞平均体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度指标对比无显著差异(P>0.05);喂养12个月后BF组身高和体质量均优于对照组,但其Hb水平较AF组更低(P<0.05);随访期间发现,2组在喂养6个月、12个月期间其IDA发生情况对比无明显差异(P>0.05);但随着时间推移,IDA发生率呈现逐渐上升趋势(P<0.05).结论母乳喂养较人工喂养对提高婴儿生长速率效果理想,可促进婴儿身高和体质量的增加,但在实施母乳喂养过程中还是需要积极控制和改善母乳中营养成分含量,以改善婴儿营养状态,预防IDA的发生,进一步确保婴儿成长安全性.

Objective To investigate the effects of breast-feeding(BF)and artificial feeding(AF)on infant growth rate,the differences of iron-deficiency anemia(IDA)and nutritional status.Methods Two hundred and sixty infants who underwent health check-up from January 2016 to January 2019 in an outpatient department of a third-class A hospital were selected as the research objects.They were divided into AF group(n=134)and BF group(n=126)according to feeding methods.The hemoglobin content,average volume of red blood cells and average hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells were measured in the venous blood of infants.A one-year follow-up was conducted to investigate the physical development and IDA occurrence of infants in the 2 groups.Results After 6 months of feeding,the body weight of BF group was significantly higher than that of AF group,but the level of hemoglobin(Hb)was lower than that of AF group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in height,mean corpuscular volume(MCV)and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC)between the 2 groups(P>0.05);after 12 months of feeding,the height and weight of BF group were better than those of control group,but the level of Hb was lower than that of AF group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of IDA between 6 and 12 months of feeding(P>0.05),but the incidence of IDA increased gradually with the passage of time(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with artificial feeding,breast-feeding has an ideal effect on improving the growth rate of infants,and can promote the increase of infant height and body mass.However,during the implementation of breast-feeding,it is still necessary to actively control and improve the nutritional content of breast milk,so as to improve the nutritional status of infants,prevent the occurrence of IDA,and further ensure the growth safety of infants.