新疆柽柳林生态服务功能及其价值评估分析

Evaluation of ecosystem services of Tamarix chinensis forest in Xinjiang

为客观反映柽柳林的生态服务功能价值及其生态效益,同时为新疆干旱区生态环境恢复与重建提供科学依据,基于新疆维吾尔自治区二类森林资源调查数据,结合国内外已有评价方法和新疆柽柳林自身特点,对新疆柽柳林生态服务功能及其价值进行评估分析,结果表明:(1)新疆柽柳林总面积为1232886.33 hm^2,主要分布在南疆地区且大多为低盖度柽柳林,在有柽柳林分布的十二个地州中,巴州柽柳林面积最大,中、高盖度柽柳林主要分布在阿克苏地区。(2)新疆柽柳林生态功能总价值为4360144.11万元,各功能价值量大小依次为:防风固沙>生态多样性保护>保育土壤>固碳释氧>营养物质积累>净化大气。防风固沙是新疆柽柳林最重要的生态服务功能,其价值为3180105.99万元,占总价值的72.94%。(3)低盖度柽柳林对新疆柽柳林生态服务功能贡献度最大,因而要加对强低盖度柽柳林管护工作,维持荒漠生态系统的稳定性。

Based on the data of second class forestry survey in Xinjiang and combined with the domestic and foreign methods, also with the characters of Tamarix chinensis forest in Xinjiang, we assessed and analyzed the ecosystem services value of T. chinensis forest in Xinjiang in order to illustrate the ecological benefits and value of T. chinensis forest and provide the scientific basis for ecological restoration and reconstruction in the arid area of Xinjiang. The results showed that:(1) the area of T. chinensis forest in Xinjiang was 1232886.33 hm^2, which was mostly distributed in southern Xinjiang and dominated by low coverage forest. Bortala prefecture had largest area among the twelve prefectures where T. chinensis forest distributed in, whereas Aksu prefecture had largest area of T. chinensis forest with moderate and high coverage.(2) The total value of ecosystem services of T. chinensis forest was 43.60 billion Yuan. The order of different functional values was wind-breaking and sand-fixation > biodiversity conservation > soil conservation > carbon fixation and oxygen release > nutrients accumulation > air purification. Wind-breaking and sand-fixation were the most important function of T. chinensis forest with the value of 31.80 billion Yuan and accounted for 72.94 % of the total value.(3) T. chinensis forest in low coverage made great contribution to the total value of ecosystem service, therefore, enhancing its management and conservation is necessary to maintain the stability of desert ecosystem.