基于GIS的北部湾经济区生态安全格局构建与评价

Construction and evaluation of ecological security pattern in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone based on GIS

北部湾经济区喀斯特地貌广布,生态环境脆弱,构建生态安全格局有利于保护生态环境,促进人与自然和谐发展。基于生态安全格局理论,借助ArcGIS 10.1、InVEST 2.2、Fragstats 4.2等软件操作平台创建指标识别生态源地,通过对比自然保护区边界数据验证生态源地识别精度;采用土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、到居民点距离、到主干道距离等因子构建最小累积阻力面,在此基础上划分北部湾生态用地的安全格局。结果表明:北部湾经济区的生态安全源地共计3415.04 km^2,自然保护区验证源地拟合度达82.35%,识别出生态保护核心区面34390.76 km^2、缓冲区11719.13 km^2、过渡区15731.95 km^2、限制区9882.32 km^2,针对不同生态功能区提出相应的用地建议。研究可对北部湾经济区不同生态安全级别区域的城镇化建设和生态环境保护提供可靠的依据。

In Beibu Gulf Economic Area, the karst landform is extensive, the ecological environment is fragile, and the construction of the ecological security pattern is favorable for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmonious development of human and nature. Based on the theory of ecological security pattern, by means of the software operating platform such as ArcGIS 10.1, Investment 2.2, and Fragstats 4.2, the ecological origin of the ecological source is identified, and the identification accuracy of the ecological source is verified by comparing the boundary data of the natural reserve. The land use type, the vegetation coverage and the distance to the residential area are adopted. The minimum cumulative resistance surface is constructed by the factors such as the distance between the main road and the main road, and the safety pattern of the ecological land in the Beibu Gulf is divided. The results show that the ecological safety area of the Beibu Gulf Economic Area is 3415.04 km^2, the fitting degree of the natural reserve is 82.35%, the ecological protection core area is 34390.76 km^2, the buffer area is 11719.13 km^2, the transition area is 15731.95 km^2, and the limit area is 9882.32 km^2. The corresponding land use suggestions are proposed for different ecological functional areas. The study can provide a reliable basis for urbanization construction and ecological environment protection in different ecological security level regions of Beibu Gulf Economic Area.