枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠道菌群多样性及组成的影响

Effects of Gou-Qi Polysaccharides on Intestinal Microbial Diversity and Composition of Growing-Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究枸芪多糖对育肥猪肠道菌群多样性及组成的影响。选用180头80日龄的健康育肥猪,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加1‰的枸芪多糖,试验期为3个月。采集育肥猪盲肠内容物,提取样本中细菌基因组DNA,进行16S rDNA基因高通量测序。结果显示:1)试验组肠道菌群的Ace指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)在门水平上2组的两大优势菌均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),对照组梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)及梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)的相对丰度显著高于试验组(P<0.05),互养菌门(Synergistetes)及互养菌属(Synergistes)的相对丰度显著低于试验组(P<0.05)。3) 2组在属水平上的优势菌均为拟杆菌属(Bacteroides),试验组巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)和螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲粮中添加枸芪多糖可提高育肥猪肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性,通过促进有益菌厚壁菌门、互养菌门与抑制有害菌变形菌门、梭杆菌属和螺杆菌属的增殖优化肠道菌群平衡,建立更健康的肠道菌群结构。

The aim of this study was to revealed the effects of Gou-Qi polysaccharides on intestinal microbial diversity and composition of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 healthy growing-finishing pigs aged 80 days were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 pigs per replicate. The test lasted for 3 months, pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in trial group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1‰ Gou-Qi polysaccharides. Genomic bacterial DNA was extracted from cecum contents of growing-finishing pigs and then selected for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results showed as follows:1) Ace index, Chao index and Shannon index of intestinal microbiota in the trial group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). 2) On the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were two dominant bacteria in the control group and the trial group. The relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Fusobacterium in the control group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Synergistetes and Synergistes were significantly increased compared with the trial group (P<0.05). 3) On the genus level, Bacteroides was dominant bacterium. The relative abundances of Megamonas and Helicobacter in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, diet added Gou-Qi polysaccharides can increase the intestinal microbiota richness and diversity of growing-finishing pigs, it can increase the beneficial bacteria of Fusobacteria and Synergistetes and decrease the harmful bacteria of Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium and Helicobacter to optimize the intestinal microbiota balance, then establish a healthier intestinal microbiota composition.