发酵饲料桑粉对宁乡花猪抗氧化性能和肠道功能的影响

Effects of Fermented Forage Mulberry Powder on Antioxidant Performance and Intestinal Function of Ningxiang Pigs

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加发酵饲料桑粉对宁乡花猪其血清和肝脏抗氧化性能、肠道组织形态和肠道菌群的影响。选用平均体重为30 kg左右的宁乡花猪90头,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复(栏),每个重复6头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加9%、12%、15%饲料桑粉的全发酵料和9%饲料桑粉的未发酵料。试验分为2个阶段,中猪阶段(第1~50天)和大猪阶段(第51~75天)。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅲ组宁乡花猪中期血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05);饲喂添加饲料桑粉组宁乡花猪肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量有下降的趋势(P>0.05),且随着饲料桑粉添加量的提高,下降愈为明显。2)与对照组相比,所有试验组宁乡花猪空肠绒毛高度显著降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组宁乡花猪空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著降低(P<0.05);与Ⅳ组相比,Ⅰ组宁乡花猪十二指肠绒毛高度有升高的趋势(P>0.05),空肠和回肠V/C值显著提高(P<0.05)。3)对宁乡花猪回肠微生物进行16S rDNA测序发现:所有样品一共得到496 489条Tags,平均每个样品35 463条,Tag平均长度为252 bp,共产生257个操作分类单位(OTU)。全发酵料组宁乡花猪回肠菌群Alpha多样性指数相比未发酵料组,OTU和Chao指数有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各组间香农(Shannon)指数和辛普森(Simpson)指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲料桑粉可有效提高宁乡花猪机体抗氧化性能并改善其肠道微生态环境;对饲料桑粉进行发酵处理后饲喂宁乡花猪可有效降低饲料桑粉对宁乡花猪肠道的负面影响。

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of fermented forage mulberry powder on antioxidant performance in serum and liver, intestinal tissue morphology and intestinal flora of Ningxiang pigs. Ninety Ningxiang pigs with average body weight of about 30 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates (pens) per group and 6 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 9%, 12% and 15% whole fermented forage mulberry powder and 9% non-fermented forage mulberry powder, respectively. The trial was divided into 2 stages, 1 to 50 days of earlier growth stage and 51 to 75 days of later growth stage. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of Ningxiang pigs in group Ⅲ was significantly increased in metaphase period (P<0.05);the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Ningxiang pigs fed diets supplemented with forage mulberry powder was downward trend(P>0.05), and the downward trend was more obvious when the forage mulberry powder supplemental level increasing. 2) Compared with the control group, the jejunal villus height of Ningxiang pigs was significantly decreased in all expermental groups (P<0.05), the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) in jejunal of Ningxiang pigs in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P<0.05);compared with group Ⅳ, the duodenal villus height of Ningxiang pigs in group Ⅰ was rising trend (P>0.05), and the V/C in jejunal and ileal of Ningxiang pigs was significantly increased (P<0.05). 3) The 16S rDNA sequencing in ileal microorganism of Ningxiang pigs revealed that 496 489 Tags were obtained from all of the samples, with an average of 35 463 Tags per sample, the average length of Tag was 252 bp, and a total of 257 operational taxonomic units (OTU). Compared with the non-fermented forage mulberry powder group, the OTU and Chao index in whole fermented forage mulberry powder group was rising trend (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in Shannon index and Simpson index between all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the forage mulberry powder can effectively improve the antioxidant performance and ameliorate intestinal micro environment of Ningxiang pigs. And the negative effects of feed mulberry powder on intestine of Ningxiang pigs can be effectively reduced after the feed mulberry powder is fermented.