饲用小麦熟化度快速鉴定方法的研究

Methods for Rapid Identification of Fresh and Aged Wheats

本试验旨在选择快速、简便的方法,解决生产中小麦的新陈、是否熟化以及新陈掺杂的鉴定问题。试验选用愈创木酚法、四氮唑盐染色法、酸度指示剂法对7个品种贮存1、4、8、10、12、14周新小麦(济麦22、烟农173、烟农999、良星77、山农25、Sh5186、科源088)以及贮存1(济麦21、烟麦17)、2年的陈小麦(烟麦17)进行鉴定。结果表明:愈创木酚法在一定程度上能快速判断出小麦的新陈,但这一方法受品种影响,个别品种新陈小麦染色差异不大。四氮唑盐染色法可鉴别出新小麦是否完成熟化,以及2年内同一品种小麦的储存年限。酸度指示剂法能很好地鉴别小麦的新陈、是否完成熟化,也能对新陈掺杂的小麦进行一定区分,但不能区分陈小麦贮存年限。3种鉴别方法均存在一定的优缺点,生产中应根据实际需要加以选择。

The purpose of this study is to select a quick and easy method to solve the problem of the newness, maturity and mixing identification of the wheat. Guaiacol method, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method and acidity indicator method were used for the identification of seven breeds of new harvest wheat stored for 1, 4, 8, 10, 12 and 14 weeks (Jimai 22, Yannong 173, Yannong 999, Liangxing 77, Shannong 25, Sh5186 and Keyuan 088)and two wheat samples stored for one (Jimai 21 and Yanmai 17) and two years (Yanmai 17). The results showed that guaiacol method could quickly identify the freshness of wheat, but the staining was influenced by the variety of wheat. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method could identify whether the new wheat had matured or not, and the storage time of the same variety of wheat within two years. The acidity indicator method could well identify the freshness and ripeness of wheat, but it could not distinguish the storage time of wheat. For the three methods, each has advantages and shortcomings. In practice, the method can be selected according to the actual needs.